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Careers In Forensic Nursing

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Clinical nursing, within the law enforcement includes the treatment of victims of sexual assault, child abuse, accident victims, trauma and the investigation of the culprits. Within the combination of medical and legal expertise, forensic-nursing includes investigation of death and treatment of the victims at psychiatric centers. Due to the steady rise in the crime rate and the successful role of forensic nursing within the judicial system, the demand for qualified nurses is high.

Role Of Forensic Nurses

Although nurses have always contributed positively to the treatment of victims and criminals, their importance has been realized and acknowledged only recently. Forensic nursing, a relatively new term, combines the services of medical science and judicial practice, to benefit mankind. Forensic nurses play a key role within the judicial system. They not only collect the evidence and forensic information pertaining to the trials, but also give their testimony in the court of law whenever required.

Collection of evidence, with the help of medical skill and information, helps in making justice available to the victims of violence and abuse, quicker. These nurses work at all levels to promote health and help the victims and perpetrators of violence to cope with the situation. Forensic nurses not only help the victims, but also their loved ones. They act as advocates and health educators to the families and the community. With the ever-increasing crime rate, the demand for forensic nurses is rising. The positions available include jobs at the healthcare and psychiatric facilities, county prosecutors, coroners’ offices, medical examiners and insurance companies.

Forensic Nursing As A Career

There is a broad spectrum of jobs opportunities available in the field of nursing. Forensic nurses gather medical evidence and information to testify in trials within the jurisdiction and hence they also serve as legal nurse consultants. Although no nursing degree is required to qualify for the position of a forensic nurse, there are a number of degree programs available for those interested in making a career in this profession. These degrees offer a variety of courses and programs in forensic nursing, most of which are available online also.

Nursing students interested in becoming forensic pediatricians or geriatrician nurses need to complete a basic certification course. MS, with a counseling certification is essential for those interested in becoming forensic psychiatric nurses. Since there is a demand for nurses, there is also a continuous increase in the wages offered as well. According to statistics, this placement option in the field of forensic science will be in great demand in the near future.

This new branch in the field of forensic science, which combines the health care profession with the legal practice, offers an opportunity to help not only the victims, but also their families. For people who really want to make a difference and help the law enforcement process, forensic nursing as a profession is an exciting and rewarding career.

Tony Jacowski is a quality analyst for The MBA Journal. Aveta Solution’s Six Sigma Online offers online six sigma training and certification classes for lean six sigma, black belts, green belts, and yellow belts.

EC1-349 Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator Exam

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EC1-349, Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator Exam as the name suggests primarily deals in cyber crime which a growing menaces in the society. With the increase in technology, the number of crimes which are computer related have also been increased for this reason, the professionals are required who are certified to control and investigate in this sensitive area from which almost every organization deals with at some point or the other.

After clearing this exam, the professionals will become proficient in dealing with the complex cases and will be able to come up with precautionary measures.
The main general topics that are a part of given course outline provided by the vendor consist of the following topics which should be studied in great detail. EC1-349, Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator Exam descriptive is given as:

The first topic is Description of computer facilitated crimes. In this, the candidates are validated on a list of crimes of computer that have been facilitated with the passage of time. It also includes the features involved in such act.
The next main topic is Cyber crime investigation. In this, the candidates are either given a scenario or a passage where they are required to descript the whole investigation. Or the question may involve listing of procedures and techniques of investigation. Hence the question may vary so the student should be prepared from every angle.
Implementation of investigation approach is the next main topic where the candidate has to list down a series of approaches and theories on the investigation implementation. It involves some technical aspect.
In the topic of Understanding of ETI (Enterprise Theory of Investigation), the candidates have to understand deeply the concept of ETI. The students should know and understand the whole concept behind the theory and how it can be implemented.
Computer forensic investigation process understanding involves the main topic of the certification program which is linked with all the topics the student would have studied above. The candidate should have a profound knowledge on this topic.
Reporting the Cyber crimes is the last topic where the candidates might be given a series of Cyber Crimes which they have to report and investigate. It also includes how to report and action strategies.
To earn the certification of CHFI, the candidates have to conduct EC1-349, Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator Exam which is obligatory. Other than that there are no prerequisite certifications or experiences required. However it is recommended that the individuals should have some industrial experience in the field of information technology.

To pass the exam, it is important to be fully prepared before conducting it as failure may involve lengthy procedures along with wastage of time and money. The students can prepared from one of thousands of websites that offer complete preparatory courses with money back guarantee. Though the topics of exam may seem easy but there are certain challenging questions that needs complete understanding and proper guidance. For this reason the students should follow the step by step procedure of conducting an exam which includes registration, preparation and conducting exam. This will ensure hundred percent successes in the first attempt.

ExamCertify is recommended website for preparation material for exams like 312-50V7 and EC1-349. Visit to get your 10% discount for new customers as welcome discount.

Tips for Choosing a Forensic Transcription Provider

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There are a variety of companies out there claiming to offer forensic transcription and if you don’t know much about it, it makes it difficult to determine the likely quality of each service provider. First off, there are two questions that I must address. What is forensic transcription and who is qualified to perform it.

What is Forensic Transcription?

Forensic transcription can be considered the transcription of anything of an evidentiary nature. However, it is often used to refer specifically to the transcription of marginally intelligible speech. Actually – not just the transcription of it but the scientific methods used in doing so. This second definition of forensic transcription is the one this article addresses.

The best forensic transcriptionists are going to be linguists with a mastery of phonetics. They don’t just listen closely to the dialog and type what they here. They use various audio enhancement and noise reduction methods as well as more traditional means that transcriptionists use such as looping, slowing down the speed of the speech and using high quality headphones. In addition, these forensic transcriptionists will pay close attention to pragmatics, syntax, and other characteristics of a person’s speech and finally, they may use a spectrogram to help in the decoding process. A spectrogram is a visual representation of a speech waveform.

Speech and Spectrograms

When we speak we produce different types of sounds and these sounds are created in different ways. Sounds are created by different parts of the tongue, lips, soft palate, teeth, and so-forth. How and when air movement occurs in different parts of the vocal tract such as the oral and nasal cavities is also important. The point is that there is a variety of very different types of sounds and these different types of sound show up differently on the spectrogram. Spectrograms show harmonics, plosives, fricatives, nasal stops and so-forth in distinct ways. A linguist can’t read a spectrogram like a book, but it can give clues by showing the types of sounds that are made; even when the speech itself isn’t all that intelligible. This in turn helps the linguist decode difficult-to-understand speech.

Finding the Right Company

If you have a speech recording that is for some reason difficult to understand, you will want to find a company that provides forensic transcription services. Many transcription companies will accept marginally intelligible recordings (and charge you more for it) but the only difference in service is that they will spend more time listening to it. They will use the tried and true methods that transcriptionists have used for years with recordings of either good or fair quality (looping, slowing the speech, and turning up the volume). This will be a waste of your money. It may be okay for slightly difficult or noisy recordings but not the really difficult stuff.

So in order to keep the “unintelligible” and “inaudible” entries to a minimum you will have to look beyond the typical transcription company (i.e., medical, legal, business, and general) to take a crack at your recording. You can take a look at forensic audio and “more advanced” transcription and detective related companies. These will often produce better results but you still have to be careful. Many of these companies will have an audio engineer use audio enhancement techniques at an attempt to improve the intelligibility – but then they assign the actual transcription to a regular transcriptionist. People need to understand that audio enhancement only goes so far. Oftentimes it doesn’t make anything easier to understand. It’ll make the recording less noisy or “more listenable” by eliminating buzzing, tones, hum, and the like, but the speech itself will often remain mostly unintelligible. Since the cost is much more at this level your recording will be given more attention and the additional time may yield greater results with the deciphering process but it isn’t the same as having someone with a background in phonetics do the decoding.

In addition, a forensic linguist probably won’t want an enhanced recording. He will know which parts of the recording should receive filtering and can do it himself. This way none of the recording will be over enhanced or enhanced unnecessarily. Why pay an audio engineer to work on it when the forensic transcriptionist can do it himself and only to the appropriate sections?

Not Just a Transcript

When your forensic transcription is done by a forensic linguist or phonetician (or sometimes a speech scientist), you not only get someone with the ability to provide the best possible transcript, but you also get a forensic analysis and report explaining the methods used along with how and why the linguist came to his conclusions. A curriculum vitae may also accompany the transcript and report which can be helpful convincing a judge to allow its use for trial. Having a qualified forensic linguist do the work and submit his analysis and CV may even be useful in preventing the case from going to trial at all.

Below are two real examples of forensic transcription by a linguist being used in an investigation.

Examples:

1) A prisoner who had previously been on probation was also suspected of murder. The police decided to place a tape recorder in the visiting room of the prison where the he would meet with his girlfriend. Unfortunately the visiting room was crowded with noisy people. Thus, the recorded dialog of the prisoner and his girlfriend was mostly unintelligible. After the forensic examiner applied speech enhancement techniques to the recording and preformed a difficult forensic transcription, it was established that the suspect was telling his girlfriend about how he had committed the murder.

2) A group of men were traveling in a car and were discussing a crime they had recently committed. Unbeknownst to them their discussion was being recorded. However, the radio was on at the time as well as a noisy car engine making it difficult to understand. After using speech decoding and enhancement techniques the dialog was successfully transcribed. It was discovered that the men who were suspected of auto theft, had been actually talking about a murder.

Audible Forensics provides forensic audio and forensic transcription services for difficult-to-understand recordings. If you’re interested in forensic transcription or other audio forensics services, please visit our site.

New drugs-driving law to be introduced

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Forensic Equity has learnt that new drug-driving laws are due to be introduced. Under the new law in England and Wales drug-driving would become a specific offence with a potential fine of up to £5000 and a jail term.

At present in order to be convicted of drug driving the police and prosecutions forensic scientist must prove impairment. I.e. that the drugs caused the driver to become impaired thus causing the road accident or road traffic offence.

Under the new proposed laws however, police with be provided with road side testing equipment which will indicate whether the person has taken an illicit substance. Any person suspected of being impaired whilst at the wheel will first be tested for alcohol. If this proves negative but the police officer still remains suspicious the new handheld trace detection device will then be used to test the person’s siliva for illicit drugs at the road side.

Questions however remain over the soundness of the technology used in such devices. May legal medicated drugs can have similar chemical compounds to that of illicit drugs making it very hard to differentiate between substances, particularly when using relatively simple scientific testing equipment.

In summation the proposed testing equipment is not fool proof and it can sometimes be very difficult to differentiate with absolute certainty between legal and illegal drugs and substances. If your client believes that they have been wrongly charged instruct our independent forensic scientists to review the evidence. With years of scientific experience they can re-examine the evidence, conduct new forensic drugs analysis and provide expert witness reporting and testimony.

Under the Road Traffic Act of 1988 it is an offence under section 4 for any person to drive or be in charge of a vehicle, whilst impaired through drink or drugs. Unlike in the case of alcohol consumption where there are statutory legal limits for the concentration of alcohol; in a drivers system, no such limits exist in the case of either illicit or prescription drugs. Where drugs driving is suspected, the finding of a drug (licit or illicit) in a person’s body fluids must be backed up by medical evidence of impairment, which could have been caused by that drug, However, just because a drug is present in a person’s system doesn’t mean that drug could or did cause the alleged impairment.

Case example

Person is stopped by police, due to alleged erratic driving behaviour and breathalysed at the roadside. The breathalyser test is negative, but the police arrest the driver on suspicion of being impaired through drugs. Driver examined by a doctor who suggests impairment. Driver blames poor driving and behaviour on being upset over a recent bereavement and denies being impaired. They admit to having previously consumed an antidepressant drug, but deny taking any for the last few days. They provide a sample of their urine, which is sent to the laboratory to be tested for drugs. Low levels of an antidepressant drug detected in the urine sample. Driver charged under Road Traffic Act with driving whilst impaired through drugs.

How can we help?

Our forensic drugs driving experts have considerable experience in the analysis of body fluids for drugs and the interpretation of the results of those analyses.

Our forensic scientists can:

– Review the findings of the prosecution scientist.

– Comment on the properties of the drug found in the urine and whether its declared effects could potentially affect driving. Any manufacturer’s warnings?

– Interpret the significance of the levels of drug found in the urine in relation to the alleged impairment.

– Comment on the finding of the drug in the urine sample in the context of the alleged last consumption several days before the incident.

With 33 years’ experience working for The Forensic Science Service, Stanley Porter is a highly experienced and recognised forensic toxicologist.

During his vast career Stanley has worked in senior positions in forensic toxicology, for the largest national forensic provider (The Forensic Science Service) and with police forces across England and Wales. During this time Stanley has been responsible for reporting on a variety of forensic cases including coroner’s cases, alcohol technical defences, drink driving, drugs driving and criminal toxicology. Importantly, Stanley is an authorised forensic alcohol analyst under the provisions of the Road Traffic Act 1984.

Forensic Equity is a leading provider of forensic services, and can offer a defence for those facing
penalties for drug driving

The Training And Skills You Need To Become A Criminalist

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Criminalistics is part of forensic science. It is the forensic science that deals with analyzing and examining physical evidence. A criminalist works in a crime or forensic lab.

This is all well and good, but what should the aspiring or future criminalist know? What training and skills should he or she possess? In this article, I examine the training and skills needed to become a criminalist.

Training:
This is a criminal justice profession where education is important. Those interested in becoming criminalists must be ready to acquire a college education. The minimum educational requirement by most hiring organizations is a bachelor’s degree. A bachelor’s degree will take you about 4 years of college to complete.

Your choice of major for your bachelor’s degree is also important. More and more, the preferred major is becoming forensic science. Some colleges have responded to this requirement. They now offer major in forensic science to meet the needs of future professionals who want to concentrate in this line of work.

To even narrow the field further, some schools offer major in criminalistics. While the forensic science major covers other areas of forensic science, the criminalistics major is a little more concentrated in this area of study.

Other majors that can qualify one to become a criminalist are chemistry, biology, or physics. These are the natural sciences that deal a great deal with laboratory work. This laboratory work background helps in crime or forensic lab work.

It is important to point out that a criminalist must make continuing education part of his or her career. This is to keep them abreast of the latest methods and techniques of doing their job.

Skills:
There are skills needed to become a criminalist. There is no point in embarking on a bachelor’s degree to become a criminalist if you lack the skills to get the job done. If you lack the skills, you will only be frustrated. This frustration can lead you to want to quit and wonder why you got in the profession in the first place.

Below are important skills I feel you need to become a successful criminalist:

1. You must be analytical in nature. This involves the ability to look at different sides of an issue. You can’t run with the first answer you see. You must question if there are other answers and then eliminate the less plausible while keeping the most promising for further analysis.

2. You should enjoy doing research. This will involve a lot of information or data gathering. You must know where to go for this information or data. Then when you get this information or data, you should know and keep the ones that are essential to your case.

3. You should enjoy doing documentation. The criminalist may be called to court to present his or her finding. This finding must be well documented to stand scrutiny in the court of law. Otherwise, the finding will be thrown out of court.

There you have it—-the training and skills you need to become a criminalist. I have by no means covered all of them. But, it is hard to do an exhaustive coverage in such a short article.

If you are interested in becoming a criminalist, I recommend you look into this further. You can do so by visiting websites that cover this profession in more detail.

Note: You are free to reprint or republish this article. The only condition is that the Resource Box should be included and the links are live links.

Copywrite Kenneth Echie. Kenneth is a writer for Criminal Justice Schools. Get free scholarship report and learn to become a Criminalist by visiting.
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